Report on Cultures Values

A culture’s values are attributes that demonstrate what most members of a culture believe in and that control their actions. Studies confirm that most values are learned. This report analyses some of the studies and explains the role played by culture in influencing crucial decision-making in business and the society. It explains the extent to which values are culture-specific. In addition, this report uses specific examples to illustrate that most values are culture-specific; however, it also illustrates that some values may be innate.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Report on Culture’s Values specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some important findings show that values are culture-specific. Maloney (2009) carried out a research and discovered that human beings learn everything from others. In his book, Maloney says that human beings are not born with acquaintance or traits. He says we acquire them fro m our neighbourhood. Maloney argues that if a child were to be born in the United Kingdom and be exchanged with another in Ethiopia, he would grow to be a unique individual. For example, his diet, dressing, entertainment would be unique. The researcher say healthcare, living-conditions, and lifestyles may influence a person’s appearance, body functionality, and thoughts. He says that the environment in which a person lives determines his/her height. A part from genetics, an individual’s height is determined by quality of food, healthcare, physical environment, among others. Notably, the environment also determines the opinions and beliefs of an individual. Additionally, other researchers have said that human beings are social animals that depend on behavioural modification, which determine how they develop cognitively (Hofstede, 1980). Human beings are programmed to emulate actions from other cultures. However, it is also true that we cannot interfere with pre-existing interpersonal behaviours. Experts agree there are different programming layers that help to develop our character. Nevertheless, there are no people with the same programming. The difference mean even those living in the same environment cannot be completely identical. Everyone gathers information from different viewpoints. However, researchers also say that residents of an area often develop common values (Hofstede, 1980). They commonly develop behavioural aspects relating to religion, politics, ethnicity, and racism, among others. No one is born either a Christian or Muslim. Religious groups usually live in different regions. For example, when Muslims live in an area, Catholics will live in a different area. Children born and living in these areas usually emulate the same cultural values and behaviours. Children’s behaviours are influenced by circumstances in which they are born. A baby cannot be born with bad behaviours. A baby, therefore, is not born with bad characters. Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More At the same time, there are innate cultures. Holway(2012) says that the innate values form a natural moral sense that helps a person to recognize what is good or bad. The expert illustrates this by using an example of a child who says to another,’ come on, you promised’. This, he says, shows that children have natural moral sense. He explains that the statement appeals to the value of honesty, which people the world over would accept since they are born with natural values. Culture has influence on all values relating to social and economic aspects. In the heath sector, for example, it has contributed in shaping methodologies of treatment and communication that different communities prefer. Research shows that Asians and Pacific Islanders have cultural values that determine how they should be given medical attention. Their extended families have great influence on the treatment process. The key decision maker and representative is usually the oldest male in the family. They believe that the respect for the entire family is of more importance than that for an individual. The authority of the elderly is usually unquestioned. This culture does not entertain direct confrontation but advocates for harmony. Therefore, due to the need to respect the authority, there is often very little confrontation between patients and healthcare professionals. Nevertheless, lack of confrontation does not imply that patients always agree to comply with the doctor’s instructions (How Culture Influences Health Beliefs, n. d.). Cultural differences also have impact on business. Businesspersons often deal with cultural challenges while marketing their products. A cross-cultural analysis on the effect of culture on marketing revealed that implementation of public relations cannot succeed if the locals’ culture is not reco gnized. Pepsodent Company, for example, attempted to market its toothpaste in Southeastern Asia by emphasizing, â€Å"It whitens your teeth.†The marketing plan did not bear fruit. The problem is that it did not analyze the cross-cultural differences prior to beginning the work. It should have known that the natives love blackened teeth (Different Cultures – Different PR Campaigns, 2006). Business Communication in India is also influenced with cultural values of the locals. For example, Indians commonly do business with those that they trust. They understand the value communal trust. Therefore, it is advisable to go through third party introduction when you want to trade with them (India – Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette, n.d.). Evidently, researchers agree that most values are learned. A business can therefore develop its corporate culture by exposing its employees to the right trading environment.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Report on Culture’s Values specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Presentation of Report on Culture’s Values Introduction A culture’s values are attributes that show what most members of a culture believe in and guide their decisions Studies show that most valued are learned Learned Values Some researchers say human beings learn everything from others (Maloney, 2009) Maloney illustrates this by saying if a newborn baby in Ethiopia is transferred to the United Kingdom, he/she will adopt unique values that do not conform to those of native Ethiopians. According to Hofstede(1980), human beings are social animals.- they depend on behavioural modification to live. Naturally, they are programmed to copy lifestyles and actions from other social groups. One cannot interfere with pre-existing interpersonal behaviours- those dwelling in the same locations usually develop common values-but not completely similar values (Hofst ede, 1980). Commonly shared behavioural aspects include religion, political views, and racism – children born in the affected regions usually copy the people’s lifestyles. Factors that influence change in cultural values are healthcare, living conditions, life-style, among others. Values that are not learned (innate values) A few scholars accept that there are innate values Holway(2012) says the values form natural moral sense. He adds that children understand the value of justice and honesty- they freely complain when other are denied justice. People the world over accept the values of honesty and justice- People accept the values everywhere because they are in born (Holway, 2012). Impact of Cultural Values Cultural values influence decision making in all levels of life. Decision in the health, business, or education sector are influenced by cultural values Illustration of the Impact (Using different cultural groups) Asians have a culture that gives authority to leaders, therefore, undermining consultation efforts between doctors and patients. Pepsodent Company tried to mark it toothpaste in Southeastern Asia and failed.-Its marketers did not know the locals love to have black teeth. Business relations and communication in India reflects on the culture of honesty and mutual respect. A foreign investor ought to demonstrate honesty and trustworthiness to succeed Note: a few values are innate. A majority are learned. References Different Cultures – Different PR Campaigns. (2006). Free Online Dating Service SearchYourLove. Web. Hofstede, G. H. (1980). Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in Work- Related Values. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage Publications. Holway, R. (2012). Becoming Achilles child-sacrifice, War, and Misrule in the Iliad and Beyond. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books. How Culture Influences Health Beliefs. (n.d.). Euromed Info — Gesundheit und Vorsorge im ÃÅ"berblick. Web. India – Language, C ulture, Customs and Etiquette. (n.d.). Intercultural Communication . Web.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Maloney, M. (2009). Human Behavior. Web. This essay on Report on Culture’s Values was written and submitted by user Laurel Miles to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Tourism Sectors Developmental Effects On The Dominican Republic Tourism Essay Essays

Tourism Sectors Developmental Effects On The Dominican Republic Tourism Essay Essays Tourism Sectors Developmental Effects On The Dominican Republic Tourism Essay Essay Tourism Sectors Developmental Effects On The Dominican Republic Tourism Essay Essay I am seeking to reply the undermentioned inquiry of the extent to which touristry has had a positive consequence on the development of Dominican Republic s economic system, environment, and cultural alteration. I decided to research touristry in the Dominican Republic because I traveled there last twelvemonth in March with my graduating category. I stayed in Punta Cana at a beautiful across-the-board resort. I had a fantastic clip there and experienced the brilliant beaches every bit good as astonishing cordial reception. In this paper I will reason that touristry does non profit the bulk of people and in fact 3rd universe touristry can be measured up to colonialism. The touristry industry in the Dominican Republic has had a positive consequence on economic development nevertheless in consequence the environment and cultural alterations are enduring. I will reason this by first looking at touristry as a developmental scheme and the addition of foreign touristry, which presents clear economic benefits. Second, I will show the environmental issues and menaces to the ecosystem that have started to originate because of the great figure of tourers. Third, I will look at the cultural alterations that have evolved such as the addition of harlotry and sex touristry. Background Information The Dominican Republic ( DR ) , due to its dramatic beaches and landscape has developed along different parts of its district that are chiefly devoted to touristry. The Ministry of Tourism is responsible for guaranting the indorsement of touristry in the Dominican Republic and the understanding with the commissariats of the Organic Law of Tourism.[ 1 ] Harmonizing to the Central Bank of the Dominican Republic, there have been dramatic additions in foreign touristry. In 2010 entirely there have been 4,135,480 tourers that arrived by air. 3,189,306 of which have been aliens, most of which were from North America. Tourism gross increased quickly in the 1990 s, more than duplicating from 1992 to 1997, when it reached $ 2.1 billion. The Dominican Republic was one of six Caribbean states that in 1992 earned more from touristry as a portion of their exports than from any other sector.[ 2 ]Tourism in the Dominican Republic, as in other developing states has an interplay of inequality with visitants from rich states dropping in on the hapless. The Caribbean is more touristry centered than any other portion of the universe. In some smaller islands, touristry threatens to go a new monocrop economic system leaving states dependent on tourers. Definition of Footings Tourism has been described as the new colonialism . As said by writer Srisang, Tourism, particularly Third World touristry, as it is practiced today, does non profit the bulk of people. Alternatively it exploits them, pollutes the environment, destroys the ecosystem, bastardizes the civilization, and robs people of their traditional values In other words, touristry epitomizes the present unfair universe economic order where the few who control wealth and power dictate the footings. As such, touristry is small different from colonialism [ 3 ]The DR is seen as a paradigm for enclave touristry , which means that they maximize economic benefits and limit societal and environment impacts by concentrating investings and visitants to a little geographical country.[ 4 ]These across-the-board resorts provide everything so there is no demand to go forth the resort composite. Connections to the Course This subject connects to the class in many ways. First, the Dominican Republic has been acquiring aid from the IMF and World Bank for old ages now. The World Bank created a committedness to touristry as a development scheme for developing economic systems. Second, we can look at Wallerstein s universe system theory, which is arranged harmonizing to influence: nucleus ( most dominant ) , to semi-periphery, to periphery ( least dominant ) . The DR is a semi-periphery because it is industrialized 3rd universe state but it lacks the power and economic laterality of the nucleus states. Third, Andre Gunder Frank argued that rich colonial ( metropolitan ) powers acquired wealth through working weaker ( satellite ) states such as the DR. Finally, enclave touristry at the national degree is often seen by the native population as a signifier of neo-colonialism.[ 5 ]Enclave invitees are fundamentally segregated from the local civilization and from the local informal sector, which includes se llers, drug traders and cocottes. This inevitableness creates a wall between the invitees and the locals and the bigger issue is that it prevents economic benefits from these resorts to really traveling back into the community.[ 6 ]A instance survey was done in Luperon, Dominican Republic, a little community with no anterior experience with the touristry industry. The survey found that the natural defect of enclave touristry as a signifier of development in this country was that the direction of the enclave resort wanted to cut down economic exchanges between tourers and local concerns in order to increase resort grosss.[ 7 ]There is an issue with the distribution of net incomes from these resorts because the local communities are non seeing any betterments. Tourism as a Developmental Strategy Although there are legion trials with touristry in the DR, there have besides been a batch of positive effects. In 2010, the Dominican economic system showed a strong recovery by turning 7.5 % during the first half of the twelvemonth.[ 8 ]This is partially because of their trade exports such as chocolate, java, and baccy but largely because of touristry net incomes, which reached about US $ 3.2 billion in 2004.[ 9 ]Over the last four decennaries, the World Bank has had a strong committedness to touristry as a development scheme for many developing economic systems. In return, the Dominican economic system has had a really dynamic growing mostly dependent on touristry. Hotels drive most touristry and the across-the-board entreaty of everything being free along with attractive forces and activities every bit good as every night amusement. This increases the targeted audience to twosomes, households, adolescents and seniors because there is something for everyone to make. The DR besides has natural assets such as the clime, that is ever warm and it seldom rains which entices tourers. Besides, the Dominican s touristry revenue enhancement policy is of import because it has one of the lowest revenue enhancements in the Caribbean, which allows them to acquire excess gross from tourers.[ 10 ]We can see that the economic system has increased and grown in many ways, nevertheless one can non merely concentrate on the economic system. We must look at the environment and societal impacts and analyse how they have been affected by touristry. Environmental Impacts The environment and sustainability can frequently be under looked when judging the success of touristry because the economic benefits are normally the first to be looked at. Despite the economic success the DR has had, it faces a series of jobs related to its rapid growing. For illustration, deficient supplies of clean H2O and electricity, combined with slow building caused by deficits of stuffs that has forced some vacationists to go forth early because of unsuitable life conditions. The Dominican Republic has environmental issues in the countries of deforestation, H2O supply, and dirt eroding and as the gnawing dirt goes into the sea, it in consequence amendss the state s coral reefs. Negative impacts from touristry occur when the degree of visitants is greater than the environment s ability to get by with this usage, besides known as transporting capacity. The UN beginnings study that as of 1993, the state was losing 20,000 hectares per twelvemonth of its forestlands mostly because of concern involvements.[ 11 ]The devastation of trees was forbidden in 1967 to seek and repair the rough effects of the forest devastation. However, many husbandmans continue to cut trees in secret to do more land available for development. Water pollution is besides an issue and it consequences from the effects of excavation along with industrial and agricultural beginnings.[ 12 ] In add-on there are endangered species in DR, some include the tundra falcon and three species of sea polo-necks. As a consequence of the rapid urbanisation, the environment started to be greatly affected. Water resource direction issues associated with touristry include, dumping of untreated effluent and solid waste along the seashore, overuse of groundwater, devastation of forest screen, and over fishing of coral reef and Marine species. Sustainable development is what the state needs, which is development that meets the demands of the present without compromising the ability of future coevalss to run into their ain demands. Social and Cultural Impacts There have besides been impacts of touristry on the rural supports of the Dominican locals. The impact has by and large been good, with an addition of household income along with increased occupation satisfaction. The rapid and strict development of touristry besides consequences in different and normally less favourable effects than small-scale development. Cultural clangs may originate through economic inequality or occupation flat clashs. The clear comparative wealth of the tourers frequently leads to unjust development on the hosts side. One might add to these concerns the danger that touristry may take to the commercialisation of human dealingss.[ 13 ]Tourism frequently fails in advancing common apprehension among different states and stereotypes prevail. The tourist-host relationship is frequently restricted by infinite and clip restraints. Tourists frequently fail to esteem local imposts and moral values, either out of ignorance or sloppiness. Besides, the profitable sexual d evelopment of kids and immature adult females has matched up to the growing of touristry in many parts of the universe. While touristry is non the cause of sexual development, it provides easy entree. Tourism besides brings consumerism to many parts of the universe, which earlier had no entree to luxury services. The temptingness of this easy money has caused many immature people, to merchandise their organic structures in exchange for legion different spots and pieces. Responsible Tourism We hear this term of being a responsible tourers rather a spot. What is meant by it is that we as tourers should esteem the people who are working at the resort, be culturally cognizant and holding a low-impact. The street sellers in the market are usually the last to see the fiscal wagess of the across-the-board, mass in the DR so paying the tourers monetary value is non so much a bad thing. We as tourers have the privileged attitude of being able to give something back straight to the people because we are in changeless contact with them. In add-on, it barely needs stating that tourers should pick up litter, chorus from deracinating workss and coral, and utilize energy resources such as H2O and electricity expeditiously, which are scarce in the DR. Decision After looking a great trade of articles and web sites, I would hold to state that touristry in the Dominican Republic has done more injury than good. In my sentiment, the damaging environmental and societal impacts of 3rd universe touristry are more of a concern than economic benefits. There will ever be a demand for touristry in the Dominican nevertheless if the supply of beautiful and clean beaches, H2O and local cordial reception is non available so tourers will alter their holiday programs. The deductions of my findings are that, touristry and tourers impinge on the local environment and traditional imposts of Dominican workers. This is of import to recognize because from cognizing and understanding this we can travel frontward by altering our ways. Acting as a tourers should by non seting a strain on the environment and being more culturally tolerant. Merely because we are on holiday does non intend our values should wing out the window. There are ever deductions to our behaviou r and it is clip that we become responsible tourers. Britton, S.G. ( 1982 ) The political economic system of touristry in the Third World Annalss of Tourism Research 9: 331-38. Debbage, K.G. ( 1990 ) Oligopoly and the resort rhythm in the Bahamas Annalss of Tourism Research 17: 513-27. Dominican Republic Environment, Encyclopedia of the Nations [ Online ] [ Accessed Febuary 15th 2011 ] Available: lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Americas/Dominican-Republic-ENVIRONMENT.html gt ; Freitag, T.G. 1994. Enclave touristry development: for whom the benefits axial rotation? Annalss of Tourism Research 21: 538-54 Kiskeye Alternativa. 1999. Tourism Development in the Dominican Republic: Growth, Costss, Benefits and Choices New Jersey, USA: Rutgers University. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //kiskeya-alternative.org/publica/afuller/rd-tourism.html ) [ Meritas Lawyers ] . 2010. Making Business in Latin America and the Caribbean. Minneapolis, US: Meritas Meyer-Arendt, KJ. , Sambrook, R.A. and Ker-math, B.M. ( 1992 ) Seaside resorts in the Dominican Republic: a typology Journal of Geography 91: 219-25 Srisang, K. 1991. Third World Tourism- The New Colonialism In Focus ( Tourism Convern ) 4:2-6

Strategic HRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Strategic HRM - Essay Example esearch for best practice and RBV perspectives especially when there are examples of firms such as Google that have successful employed these perspectives. However, it is concluded that the greater success of best-fit perspective does not mean best practices and RBV perspectives should be discarded as the two have important contribution to management efforts to improve organisational performance. According to Barney (1991), firms establish competitive advantage over the rest within a particular industry when they control heterogeneous resources including human resources. Further, such resources of the firm must not be perfectly mobile or transferable across the rest of competing firms in order to establish a long-lasting heterogeneity. Therefore, the RBV of a firm model argues that a firm that successfully creates sustainable competitive advantage over the rest in an industry is one that has unique resources and capabilities within the environment. To establish how a firm controls its resources, Barney (1991) established the VRIN model to account for valuable, rare, imperfectly imitable, non-Substitutable features of resources that a firm must control to establish its competitive advantage in an industry. Therefore, establishing competitive advantage based on these features of resources is perceived as the best approach for firms to enhance their performance and be ahead of others in the industry. While applying RBV of a firm to HRM Boxall and Purcell (2003) argues that firms adopting this framework will establish human resource advantage over the rest in the industry. For firms adopting this framework in their practices, the goal according to the authors is develop strategic capability in terms of strategic fit between resources and opportunities. Additionally, such firms must endeavour to ensure deployed resources generate benefit while recruitment and employment policies result in developing people with knowledge and skills essential in strategic thinking and